Researchers analyzing the Hubble Space Telescope's dramatic images of the Cartwheel galaxy have discovered immense comet-like clouds of gas speeding at nearly 700,000 mph through the galaxy's core.
[Image on left] - The Cartwheel is part of a group of four galaxies, as shown in this collage of images from ground-based optical and radio telescopes and the Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2. Located 500 million light-years away in the constellation Sculptor, the galaxy (located near the bottom right corner) looks like a wagon wheel. The galaxy's nucleus is the bright object in the center; the spokes are wisps of material connecting the nucleus to the outer ring of young stars. The galaxy's unusual configuration was created by a nearly head-on collision with a smaller galaxy about 200 million years ago.
The stream of green material between the Cartwheel and the galaxy near the top left corner is neutral hydrogen gas taken in radio wavelengths by the Very Large Array radio telescope in New Mexico. The bridge of neutral hydrogen may be related to the comet-like and spoke-like structures seen in the Cartwheel galaxy's nucleus.
[Image on right]- The Cartwheel's nucleus is shown in this Hubble Space Telescope color-coded image. The comet-like knots of gas are mostly confined to the core's left side. They are the blue knots arranged in a semi-circular pattern around the center of the nucleus. The "heads" are a few hundred light-years across; the tails are more than 1,000 light-years long, the longest of which is nearly 5,000 light-years. The structures look like comets because they probably were spawned by a collision between high-speed and slower-moving material. This collision created an arrowhead-shaped pattern called a bow shock, which is similar to the wake of a boat speeding across a lake.
The collage was composed from images taken by the Very Large Array radio telescope in New Mexico, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile, and the Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2.
The right-hand image was taken October 16 and 17, 1994 by the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2.
Credits
The Hubble images were taken by Curt Struck and Philip Appleton (Iowa State University), Kirk Borne (Hughes STX Corporation), and Ray Lucas (Space Telescope Science Institute), and NASA. The VLA radio telescope image was taken by Jim Higdon (Australia Telescope National Facility's Paul Wild Observatory. The VLA is operated by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, a National Science Foundation facility that is operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The Cerro Tololo picture was taken by Victor Blanco. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation as part of the National Optical Astronomy Observatories.| About The Object | |
|---|---|
| Object Name | Cartwheel Galaxy |
| R.A. Position | 00h 37m 41.09s |
| Dec. Position | -33° 42' 59.0" |
| About The Object | |
|---|---|
| Object Name | A name or catalog number that astronomers use to identify an astronomical object. |
| Object Description | The type of astronomical object. |
| R.A. Position | Right ascension – analogous to longitude – is one component of an object's position. |
| Dec. Position | Declination – analogous to latitude – is one component of an object's position. |
| Constellation | One of 88 recognized regions of the celestial sphere in which the object appears. |
| Distance | The physical distance from Earth to the astronomical object. Distances within our solar system are usually measured in Astronomical Units (AU). Distances between stars are usually measured in light-years. Interstellar distances can also be measured in parsecs. |
| Dimensions | The physical size of the object or the apparent angle it subtends on the sky. |
| About The Data | |
| Data Description |
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| Instrument | The science instrument used to produce the data. |
| Exposure Dates | The date(s) that the telescope made its observations and the total exposure time. |
| Filters | The camera filters that were used in the science observations. |
| About The Image | |
| Image Credit | The primary individuals and institutions responsible for the content. |
| Publication Date | The date and time the release content became public. |
| Color Info | A brief description of the methods used to convert telescope data into the color image being presented. |
| Orientation | The rotation of the image on the sky with respect to the north pole of the celestial sphere. |
